網頁Portuguese Cartaz system referred to a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in Indian Ocean during the sixteenth century. A similar system used by British was navicert system in 20th century. Q.2) Consider the following statements 1. ... 網頁2011年12月1日 · The cartaz was a pass that merchants were required to buy from the Portuguese to ensure safe conduct. It did not, however, entail the provision of actual escorts for merchant ships; rather, any ship without it was subject to confiscation by the Portuguese armadas patrolling the sea lanes.

Cartaz - Wikipedia

網頁The Cartaz System offered low-cost protection to sanctioned trading vessels within the Indian Ocean. Portuguese ships policed the ocean, enforcing the payment of taxes to … 網頁As in the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese tried to establish the cartaz system in the Strait of Malacca (and other parts of maritime Southeast Asia), but they had too few ships at their disposal in order to enforce it efficiently. rayovac fluorescent f4t5d

Control of The Seas PDF - Scribd

網頁2024年3月12日 · TRIZ創新法系列（六）. 導讀： 在技術創新中，大量的解決方案產生於子系統、系統或超系統的過去、當前和未來之中，商業價值創新亦是如此。. TRIZ創新算法中 … 網頁2024年12月1日 · The cartazes system was created in 1502 to control and enforce the Portuguese trade monopoly over a wide area in the Indian Ocean. It granted merchant … 網頁2024年11月15日 · Besides building fortresses and factories, the Portuguese also implemented the safe-conduct pass (cartaleza) or the cartaz system in the 16th century. … rayovac flashlight how to change battery